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Polycrystalline samples of Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2-xNxCu3-yMyO10-δ (M=Ni, Co and Fe
N=Mg, Be) superconductor have been synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The
structure and physical properties were investigated by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD),
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), resistivity,
ac-susceptibility and Fourier transforms infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray
diffraction scans of Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3-yMyO10-δ (M = Ni, Co and Fe) samples show
tetragonal structure following P4/mmm space group. The dominant phase in these
structures is CuTl-1223 with a small inclusion of CuTl-1212 and CuTl-1234 phases. For
these samples, there is no remarkable structural transformation (such as tetragonal to
orthorhombic) with increased dopant concentration is observed. The system remains
tetragonal for the highest critical doping level yc, above which the system is not
superconducting. The critical doping levels yc achieved for the dopants are yc=1.5 for
M=Ni, yc=0.5 for M=Co and yc=0.075 for M=Fe. The highest critical doping levels are
observed for our system, particularly for Ni-doped system. It is observed that the size of
the moments bears strong correlation with the critical doping level yc. The Fe-doped
system, having a largest localized moment of the order of 5μB, acquires a lowest yc. On
the other hand, the Ni-doped system with a smallest moment has a highest yc. Such a
correlation represents an observation of interplay between a dopant moment and the
suppression of high Tc superconductivity. It strongly suggests a magnetic pair-breaking
mechanism. Tc suppression rate is high for Fe- or Co-doped system as compared to Ni-
doped system. It is believed that such a large suppression of Tc in Fe- or Co-doped
system may originate from oxygen disorder, breaking of Cooper pairs by magnetic
impurities (having large magnetic moments) and decrease of carrier concentration in the
CuO2 planes. Fe- or Co-doping causes a decrease in carrier concentration through charge
transfer which is a consequence of introducing disorder into the CuO2 planes. On the
other hand, Ni+2 has the same valence state as Cu+2, Ni substitution for Cu is not expected
to effect the carrier concentration. The marginal suppression of Tc in Ni-doped system is
may be caused by destruction of anti-ferromagnetism correlation as well as pair breaking
effects due to scattering by magnetic impurities. With the partial substitution of Ca with
Mg and Be in Ni-doped samples, the CuO2 planes become uniformly doped due to
improved inter-planer coupling which results in the enhancement of Tc(R=0) as well as
the magnitude of diamagnetism. Superconducting properties of these samples are further
enhanced with Li doping at the charge reservoir layer. FTIR absorption measurements
show that the phonon modes related to apical oxygen are softened to lower wave number
values for Mg- or Be-doped samples confirming that inter-plane coupling have improved
in these samples. From the FIC studies of Ni doped samples it is observed that at higher
temperature the fluctuations in the order parameter of the carriers follow 2D AL
behavior, whereas at lower temperature (closer to transition) their behavior is 3D AL.
The cross-over temperature is relatively high in Ni free samples and with Ni doping it is
shifted to lower temperature (about 40K). The coherence length calculated from the LD
model is decreased with increased Ni doping. The decreased coherence length promotes
enhancement of anisotropy of the final compound. Breaking down of anti-ferromagnetic
order within the CuO2 planes does not seem to kill the superconductivity;
superconductivity and ferromagnetism can co-exist. The effects of carrier concentration
on the superconductivity of Cu0.5Tl0.5Ba2Ca2Cu3-yMyO10-δ (M = Ni, Co and Fe) samples
are explored by carrying out post-annealing experiments in nitrogen (N2) and oxygen
(O2) atmospheres. Superconductivity is suppressed after post-annealing in nitrogen
atmosphere. The normal state resistivity of N2-annealed Ni-doped samples is doubled, but
its variation with temperature remained metallic down to onset of the superconductivity.
The post-annealing in nitrogen atmosphere seems to promote the loss of oxygen from the
inter-grain and intra-grain sites; the former increases the ac-losses while the later
decreases the magnitude of diamagnetism. On the other hand, the normal state resistivity
has decreased after annealing in oxygen atmosphere; resistivity has become one half of
the value observed in un-annealed Ni-doped samples. The post-annealing in oxygen has
not only improved the inter-grain coupling, but also has remarkably enhanced the
magnitude of diamagnetism within the grain. This is most likely accomplished by the
oxygen diffusion at the inter-grain sites as well as within the grain. |
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