Abstract:
Phytic acid (Myo-inositol 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 hexa-kisphophate) is a storage form of
phosphorus and can accumulate to levels as high as 35% in the wheat kernel. Phytic acid
acts as an anti-nutritional macromolecule (anti-nutrient) in the wheat kernel. Due to its
inhibitory role, a high concentration of phytic acid is undesirable as it hinders the
bioavailability of some essential nutrients such as Fe, Mg, Ca, Zn and Cu, etc. To see the
inheritance of phytic acid in wheat, phytic acid concentration was initially determined in
kernels of 10 wheat genotypes to identify two contrasting genetic groups for diallel
analysis. Based on pre-screening results of 10 wheat genotypes, five wheat genotypes (3
with high and 2 with low phytic acid concentration) were crossed in all possible
combinations during 2007-08 to generate a 5 × 5 full diallel set for studying the inheritance
of phytic acid and other agronomic traits. All 20 F1 hybrids and five parental genotypes
were planted using a completely randomized block design with 3 replications during 2008-
09 at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar. Variance analysis for all
traits revealed significant differences, providing justification for diallel analysis. According
to Hotelling’s t2 test and regression analysis, the model of additive-dominance was
adequate for phytic acid, plant height, flag leaf area, tillers plant-1, grains spike-1, biological
yield; partially adequate for days to heading, grain filling duration, spikelets spike-1,1000-
grain weight, grain yield, harvest index and inadequate for plant maturity. Values of D
greater than H1 and H2 for flag leaf area and plant height indicated their additive nature,
whereas values of D less than H1 and H2 for grain filling duration, grains spike-1, 1000-
grain weight, tillers plant-1, spike length, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index and
phytic acid concentration accounted for non-additive control of these traits. The same
results were confirmed by average degree of dominance calculations. The narrow and
broad sense heritability estimates varied widely among traits - days to heading (0.07,
0.32), flag leaf area (0.31, 0.55), grain filling duration (0.24, 0.91), plant height (0.12,
0.28), spike length (0.17, 0.62), spikelets spike-1 (0.35, 0.74), tillers plant-1 (0.05, 0.52),
grains spike-1 (0.05, 0.68), 1000-grain weight (0.25, 0.68), biological yield (0.10, 0.89),
grain yield (0.13, 0.98), harvest index (0.09, 0.64) and phytic acid concentration (0.01,
0.86). The values for phytic acid concentration ranged from 0.56 to 3.43% among F1
hybrids and 1.06 to 3.67% for parental genotypes. The following F1 hybrids, Ps-2005 ×
Ghaznavi (0.56%), AUP-4006 × Ps-2004 (0.74%), Janbaz × Ps-2004 (0.89%) and Janbaz
× Ps-2005 (1.01%), had the lowest concentration of phytic acid. This research confirms
that F1 hybrids with low phytic acid concentration could yield desirable segregants.