dc.description.abstract |
This study was conducted during 2007-2010 on the Fasciola species
isolated from bovines grazing in the Potohar (Punjab) region of Pakistan. The
objective of the study was to generate information and baseline data on the
identification of Fasciola species with the help of morphometry and genomics. The
Phenotypic analysis comprised on the study of morphological parameters and
molecular characterization was based on genetic markers (r DNA ITS-1 and ITS-
2), simultaneously genetic diversity was investigated by using microsatellite
markers. The prevalence of fasciolosis was also established in the Potohar area by
screening grazing cattle and buffaloes. This was achieved by analyzing and
comparing fecal egg count and serology. Immunodiagnosis was done by an indirect
ELISA test, which was developed to diagnose fasciolosis in this region. The
antigen used was ES antigen isolated from the liver flukes present in bovines of
Potohar. The species of Fasciola identified in this area was an intermediate,
resembling F.gigantica and there is no commercially available ELISA kit to detect
infection between F.gigantica and Fasciola spp / F. intermedia. Since the
prevalence of fasciolosis is dependent on its intermediate fresh water snail host, the
occurrence of snails in selected water bodies of Potohar area was also observed
including their infective stages; cercariae along with metacercariae. The monthly
cercarial prevalence isolated from two selected snail species was taken into account
along with prevalence of aquatic vegetation in the marked water bodies. The snails
were observed for monthly cercarial activity, whereas the aquatic vegetation was
observed for the presence of metacercariae.
xxiiiThe results of the present study report that the species of Fasciola in the
Potohar area is an intermediate resembling F.gigantica more than F.hepatica. The
microsatellite markers used, show polymorphism and the presence of genetic
diversity in Fasciola. Prevalence of fasciolosis was fifty five percent in the bovines
grazing in this area. This was seen to be breed, age and sex related and more
prevalent in buffaloes as compared to cattle. The snail species prevalent in the
marked water bodies were Lymnaea acuminata and Gyraulus convexiusculus and
the aquatic vegetation comprised of Vallisenaria, Najas and Hydrilla species. The
monthly cercarial activity was highest in Fasciola spp recovered from L.
acuminata in the month of September, 2009, whereas recovery of cercariae of
Fasciola spp from Gyraulus convexiusculus was highest in the month of July. The
over all study results revealed that more cercariae of Fasciola were recovered from
L. acuminata compared to Gyraulus convexiusculus. The plant species most
successful for metacercarial deposition was Hydrilla and Najas as compared to
Vallisenaria.
This present study is unique in a sense that no such type of study has
previously been reported especially in Potohar region, Punjab, Pakistan. These
results will be the basis for developing effective control strategies of fasciolosis,
based on its occurrence and to facilitate design targeted and cost effective drugs to
control fasciolosis in Potohar region. |
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