dc.description.abstract |
In the hunt of phages for Gram-negative multiple drug resistant organisms,
we have collected lytic phages. These were characterized by identification of
genome nucleic acids and proteins profile of capsid. However present study
was proceed with the phages isolated form urine of
athlete lady.
Microbiological examination of urine sample revealed the presence of E. coli
as etiologic agent in urinary tract infection (UTI) patient. Filter sterilized
urine produced enornomous amount of phages as indicated by plaque assay
on the lawn of two local strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P5 and P6.
Electron micrograph of the lysates prepared from urine in Ps5 and Ps6
strains indicated the particles similar to Siphovirideae and Myoviradeae
respectively. Absence of Pseudomonas in urine sample during active disease
and absence of phages in convalescent patient’s urine was significant
features that refer the association of these phages to E. coli. Urea induced E.
coli lysate was used to raise lysates in P5 and P6 strain of Ps. aeruginosa
called U9P5 and U9P6. Small clear and large clear plaques were exhibited
on the lawn of P5 and P6 by these lysates. P5S and PS6 lysates were raised
in P5 and P6 from single small plaque each on the lawn of P5 and P6
respectively. Similarly PL5 and PL6 lysates were produced in respective hostfrom single large plaque each. Genomes of these Фs were identified as
dsDNA. DNA restriction analysis of all four lysates revealed very similar
restriction pattern. Hybridization with DNA probe of PS6 and PL5 has
indicated the homology in the DNA from these lysates. Methylated and
unmethylated CpG motifs were identified in genome DNA of these phages.
To test the immuno- stimulatory effects mice and rabbits were vaccinated
with killed cell of S. typhi with or without fragmented genome DNA of these
phages. In addition adjuvant efficacy of CpG motifs was compared with
mineral oil. In antisera, types of antibodies were determined by
immunoelectrophoresis and Western blotting. ELISA was done for
Quantative analysis, have shown IgG immunoglobulin was produced in
BALB/c mice and rabbit when fragmented DNA was used as adjuvant. In
antisera raised by Ф DNA vaccine, strong and specific immunogenicity has
been attributed due to the presence of CpG motifs. Difference in immune
response in animals immunized by Ф DNA vaccine was detected that may be
associated with the frequency of CpG island in the DNA. Ps. Ф DNA has
additional CpG sites, compare to E.coli Ф DNA and this may enhance
immunopotentional of its CpG motifs. PS5 phage has shown cross reactivity
with HCV antisera. In order to confirm the cross reactivity of phage and
antisera, the 100 sera samples from the HCV +ve patients were tested byELISA on coated plates with HCV antigen, phage
and Ps. and have
exhibited significant cross reaction with phage lysates. In order to determine
genomic relation, PCR products raised by HCV specific primers were
sequenced and aligned with HCV genome. BLAST, Gene locater and
QuickAling software have shown homology with the 5’-UTR, 3’-UTR and
NS3 regions of different HCV genotypes. A range of primers pair
corresponding to different antibiotic resistance trait were used to see whether
this phage is a carrier of any antibiotic resistant trait. ClustalW, BLASTn,
BLASTx, ScanProsite and Swiss-Prot analysis of sequenced PCR products
have shown that this phage carries VanA cassette implicated to vancomycin
resistance. Van S & R primers have shown homology with histidine kinase
and DNA-binding response regulators respectively.
Interestingly Ps Ф
genome was found to contain a composite transposon which was evolved
from the combination of IS1216 and 1546 transposons. These transposons
were associated with Gram-positive bacteria i.e. Enterococci. VanB gene
primers highlighted seven signature sequence on phage genome correspond
to Walker B motifs of ABC-transporter proteins of Enterococcus faecalis
V583 in addition phage genome has reflected the presence of some
functional domain i.e. SAM which is commonly present in eukaryotic
proteins. Our studies provide the strong evidence that lytic life cycle of thisphage has therapeutic implications, not only for superficial infection, but
effective for systematic infections as well. It is interesting to note that CpG
motifs of phage DNA may have potential to enhance efficacy of
antimicrobial therapies supported by DNA vaccin |
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