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Clove oil based co-surfactant free microemulsion of flurbiprofen: Improved solubility with ameliorated drug-induced gastritis

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dc.contributor.author Tanzeem, Muhammad Umair
dc.contributor.author Asghar, Sajid
dc.contributor.author Khalid, Syed Haroon
dc.contributor.author Asif, Muhammad
dc.contributor.author Ullah, Malik Saad
dc.contributor.author Khan, Ikram Ullah
dc.contributor.author Khalid, Ikrima
dc.contributor.author Faran, Syed Ali
dc.contributor.author Rehman, Abdul
dc.contributor.author Gohar, Umar Farooq
dc.contributor.author Hussain, Tanveer
dc.date.accessioned 2022-12-05T03:30:41Z
dc.date.available 2022-12-05T03:30:41Z
dc.date.issued 2019-11-03
dc.identifier.citation Tanzeem, M. U., Asghar, S., Khalid, S. H., Asif, M., Ullah, M. S., Khan, I. U., ... & Hussain, T. (2019). Clove oil based co-surfactant free microemulsion of flurbiprofen: Improved solubility with ameliorated drug-induced gastritis. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 32. en_US
dc.identifier.issn 1011-601X
dc.identifier.uri http://142.54.178.187:9060/xmlui/handle/123456789/14588
dc.description.abstract Flurbiprofen, an NSAID, is a water insoluble drug that is also notorious for gastric irritation and inflammation. This study was aimed at using a natural gastroprotective oil as the internal phase to develop flurbiprofen microemulsion (ME) to improve it solubility and ameliorate its gastric side effects. Upon screening of ME components for drug solubility, clove oil, tween 80 and transcutol were identified as the oil, surfactant and cosurfactant, respectively, with higher flurbiprofen solubility. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams revealed that the ME made with surfactant only and without co-surfactant displayed the similar ME region as made with the mixture of surfactant and co-surfactant. Furthermore, drug loaded oil was also used to draw pseudo-ternary phase diagram and a very little decrease in the ME region was observed. Therefore, co-surfactant free flurbiprofen loaded ME was developed to avoid side effects associated with the use of excessive surfactant quantities. ME were found to possess size in the range of 11-41 nm with PDI ˂0.5 and a slightly negative charge. Conductivity, pH and refractive indices of the selected MEs were well in the range. Drug release studies indicated maximum drug release from MEs within 5 min. Analysis of the gastric mucosa of rats after oral administration of drug solution and drug loaded ME confirmed that clove oil based ME provided significant protection against the NSAIDs induced gastric damage. en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher Karachi: Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karachi en_US
dc.subject Microemulsion en_US
dc.subject NSAIDs en_US
dc.subject clove oil en_US
dc.subject solubility en_US
dc.subject gastroprotective effect en_US
dc.title Clove oil based co-surfactant free microemulsion of flurbiprofen: Improved solubility with ameliorated drug-induced gastritis en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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