Abstract:
Chronic pain has been defined as the persistence that remained for more than three months. The extent of
previous time duration with the normal time of natural healing phase becomes poor and results in reduced life quality and morbidity. Opioids are well recognized therapy for pain management and the clinical prescriptions based on opioids have been defined with increasing implicating behavior among patients suffering with chronic pain. The association between the pain and immunity has long been established since the involvement of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) in sickness that is considered with the induced hyperalgesia. In the context of pharmacodynamics Toll like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the negative effects of opioids as analgesics. The soluble factors released by immune cells as well as from the disruptive cells bind to TLRs. This binding leads the pre and post-synaptic ends on endothelial and microglial cells that exhibit the activation of complex inhibitory and excitatory process at the synapses site. In TLRs, TLR4 is mostly reported that is strongly associated in specifically in areas of T cells and macrophages. The current study is designed to investigate the structural insights of the opioids and TLR4 interactions by using computational approach in the aspect of
recognizing the chemical combinatorial factors that are involved in the pain management. This study targets that how opioids interact with TLR4 and the process of chemical interaction that leads to negative effects of opioids at neuroimmune interface as well as to investigate the extent of particular naltrexone that mediates with the negative effects of opioids.
