Radioactivity Levels and Gamma-Ray Dose Rate in Soil Samples from Kohistan (Pakistan) Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry

Abstract

The analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and an anthropogenic radionuclide 137Cs is carried out in some soil samples collected from Kohistan district of N.W.F.P. (Pakistan), using gamma-ray spectrometry. The gamma spectrometry is operated using a high purity Germanium (HPGe) detector coupled with a computer based high resolution multi channel analyzer. The specific activity in soil ranges from 24.72 to 78.48Bqcenterdotkg−1 for 226Ra, 21.73 to 75.28Bqcenterdotkg−1 for 232Th, 7.06 to 14.9Bqcenterdotkg−1 for 137Cs and 298.46 to 570.77Bqcenterdotkg−1 for 40K with the mean values of 42.11, 43.27, 9.5 and 418.27Bqcenterdotkg−1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity in all the soil samples is lower than the safe limit set in the OECD report (370Bqcenterdotkg−1). Man-made radionuclide 137Cs is also present in detectable amount in all soil samples. Presence of 137Cs indicates that the samples in this remote area also receive some fallout from nuclear accident in Chernobyl power plant in 1986. The internal and external hazard indices have the mean values of 0.48 and 0.37 respectively. Absorbed dose rates and effective dose equivalents are also determined for the samples. The concentration of radionuclides found in the soil samples during the present study is nominal and does not pose any potential health hazard to the general public.