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Physicochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Urban Areas of Lahore, Pakistan, with Special Reference to Arsenic

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dc.contributor.author GULRAIZ AKHTER
dc.contributor.author ZULFIQAR AHMAD
dc.contributor.author JAVED IQBAL
dc.contributor.author NAZIA SHAHEEN
dc.contributor.author MUNIR HUSSAIN SHAH
dc.date.accessioned 2023-11-30T04:25:04Z
dc.date.available 2023-11-30T04:25:04Z
dc.date.issued 2010-06-07
dc.identifier.citation Akhter, G., SHAH, M. H., Iqbal, J., Shaheen, N., & AHMAD, Z. (2011). Physicochemical characterization of groundwater in urban areas of Lahore, Pakistan, with special reference to arsenic. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 32(6), 306. en_US
dc.identifier.issn 0253-5106
dc.identifier.uri http://142.54.178.187:9060/xmlui/handle/123456789/19980
dc.description.abstract The current quality status of groundwater from Lahore was investigated using standard analytical methodologies. The physicochemical parameters included in the study were pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, TDS, hardness, bicarbonate, nitrate, chloride, fluoride, sulphate, phosphate and turbidity. The metals included in the study were Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Pb and As. The waters ranged in pH from 7.50 to 8.20 and in conductance from 329 to 1090 µS/cm. The alkalinity and TDS of the groundwater vary from 2.80 to 8.20 m.mol/L and 198 to 762 mg/L, respectively. Most of the water samples were found to be genuinely hard (100 to 300 mg/L hardness) and have rather low chloride and fluoride concentrations. The bicarbonate and nitrate ranged from 140 to 410 mg/L and 0.70 to 2.00 mg/L, respectively. The average metal concentrations followed the order; Na > Ca > Mg > K > Fe > As > Pb. For As, the concentration ranged from 24.6 to 71.6 µg/L, with the mean concentration of 36.0 µg/L, thus exceeding the upper permissible safe limit of As (10 µg/L) laid down by WHO and USEPA. The correlation study showed significant relationships among various physicochemical parameters and selected metal pairs. Multivariate cluster analysis was used for the apportionment of the measured variables and it revealed both natural and anthropogenic intrusion in the groundwater. en_US
dc.description.sponsorship The chemical society of Pakistan is an approved society from the PSF. en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi. en_US
dc.title Physicochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Urban Areas of Lahore, Pakistan, with Special Reference to Arsenic en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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