Abstract:
Overall behaviour of local software industry towards quality if simply
phrased is, “No Quality Culture”. It is the cause of lower Information
Technology (IT) exports due to non competitive nature of local software
product
development
practices
which
are
laden
with
delays,
non-
conformances and inconsistency. Local quality culture lacks quality
awareness and is immature in following good quality practices and
implementing quality improvement standards. As a step further in this
direction the objective of this study is to map the actual environment and true
culture of Small and Medium Software Houses (SMSH) towards quality
improvement and process improvement by implementing Total Quality
Management (TQM) philosophy.
It was an exploratory research effort in the domain of Total Quality
Management (TQM) and Software Process Improvement (SPI). The research
begins with literature review of major quality standards implemented in the
local industry. The behaviour of international quality standards was
deliberated towards SMSH. A survey was conducted to evaluate the current
quality practices and develop a process improvement model within the local
SMSH. For this purpose software houses that were members of statutory and
professional organizations such as Pakistan Software Export Board (PSEB),
Pakistan Software House Association (PASHA) were selected. Listing of
commercially available directory of RozeePak was also referred. For this
survey the quality constructs and data collection instrument were designed
based on literature review about small and medium enterprises culture and
leading software quality models such as CMM, CMMI, ISO, SPICE and
PSP/TSP. The results of the survey were analyzed and reported to high light
quality problems being faced by SMSH to implement quality.
Study included descriptive as well as empirical analysis. Descriptive
analysis was based on comments via survey and personal interaction while
conducting the survey. The empirical analysis included correlation and
regression analysis of quality constructs. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)
technique was used to develop an optimized Lean Quality Improvement
Model (LQIM) for standard quality practices in the local software industry.
Eight quality constructs were developed to ascertain the level of current
quality practices in the SMSH and evolve a LQIM. In correlation analysis all
seven independent constructs were found significant towards the dependent
variable Quality Improvement. Regression analysis revealed that only four of
these independent quality constructs contributed significantly towards the
dependant variable Quality Improvement. Through Structural Equation
Modelling (SEM) the LQIM was evolved. This model presented four quality
constructs and ten of their respective quality practices as significant.
LQIM evolved as a tailored and economized paradigm according to
the needs and perceptions of the local IT practitioners. Also LQIM evolved as
an indigenous model which when improvised in accordance to the SMSH
cultural and quality improvement recommendations is proven to be a fit model
for SMSH. The LQIM has already been ratified according to generally
accepted good fit indices in SEM analysis. In order to implement LQIM by
SMSH implementation of Indigenous LQIM was proposed using the Deming’s
philosophy of Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) Cycle for continuous process
improvement. The set of recommendations for SMSH software process
improvement and proposed LQIM paradigm will give the innovative and
flexible directions for SMSH to change their culture and improve their
processes and software quality.