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Towards Cooperative Routing in Underwater and Body Area Wireless
Sensor Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), particularly Wireless Body Area Networks
(WBANs) and Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are important
building blocks of upcoming generation networks. Sensor networks consist of less
expensive nodes having the features of wireless connectivity, very less transmission
power, limited battery capacity and resource constraints. Due to low cost and
small size, sensor nodes allow very big networks to be installed at a viable price
and develop a link between information systems and the real globe. Cooperative
routing exploits the transmission behavior of wireless medium and communicates
cooperatively by means of neighboring nodes acting as relays. Prospective relays
as well as the destination nodes are chosen from a set of near-by sensors that use
distance and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the link conditions as cost functions
{ this contributes to signi cant reduction in path-loss and enhanced reliability.
In this dissertation, we propose three schemes Link Aware and Energy Efficient
protocol for wireless Body Area networks (LAEEBA), Incremental relay-based
Cooperative Critical data transmission in Emergency for Static wireless BANs
(InCo-CEStat) and Cooperative Link Aware and Energy Efficient protocol for
wireless Body Area networks (Co-LAEEBA). These protocols are efficient in terms
of link-losses, reliability and throughput. Consideration of residual energy balances
load among sensors, and separation and SNR considerations entrusts reliable data
delivery. As a promising technique to mitigate the effect of fading cooperative
routing is introduced in the functionality of LAEEBA and Co-LAEEBA protocols.
Similarly, incremental relaying in InCo-CEStat account for reliability. Simulation
results show that our newly proposed schemes maximize the network stability
period and network life-time in comparison to other existing schemes for WBANs.
In Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks, demand of time-critical applications
ix
leads to the requirement of delay-sensitive protocols. In this regard, this disserta-
tion presents ve routing protocols for UWSNs; Cooperative routing protocol for
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (Co-UWSN), Cooperative Energy-Efficient
model for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (Co-EEUWSN), Analytical ap-
proach towards Reliability with Cooperation for Underwater sensor Networks (AR-
CUN), Reliability and Adaptive Cooperation for Efficient UWSNs (RACE) and
Stochastic Performance Analysis with Reliability and COoperation for UWSNs
(SPARCO). In these protocols, physical layer's cooperative routing is explored for
the design of network layer routing schemes that prove to be energy-efficient as well
as path-loss aware. The concentration is focused on Amplify-and-Forward (AF)
scheme at the relay nodes and Fixed Ratio Combining (FRC) technique at the
destination nodes. Nodes cooperatively forward their transmissions taking bene t
of spatial diversity to reduce energy consumption. Simulations are conducted to
validate the performance of our proposed schemes in comparison to the selected
existing ones. Results demonstrate the validity of our propositions in terms of
selected performance metrics. |
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