Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmacological Evaluation of Nano-Particles Prepared by Using The Extracts of Viola Pilosa and Shimmia Laureola

Abstract

Multiple antibiotic resistant strains of microorganisms are imposing a dire necessity for novel and consistent drugs. Reliable natural products with negligible side effects are required to resist these pathogenic assailants. Investigation of medicinal plants for pharmacological and qualitative properties is substantial for appropriate choice and treatment of various diseases. The current study was aimed to Biosynthesize and characterize nanoparticles of boiled extract of plants and to evaluate different extracts of the plants qualitatively. The gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) were successfully synthesized from solvent extracted methanolic crude and aqueous fractions (50mg plant extract / 100 ml deionized H2O) of the test plants under study. A solution of .1 mM of AuCl3 was shaken with Viola crude, aqueous and Skimmia stem aqueous extracts in 4:1 while 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1 in other samples for the production of gold (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). For the synthesis of AgNPs from test plants, a solution of .1 mM of AgNO3 was combined with Viola shoot crude, aqueous and Skimmia leaves crude extracts in 10:1 (10 ml of AgNO3 and 1ml extract). Similarly, 1:5 (1ml of AgNO3 and 5ml extract) with Viola root crude, aqueous and Skimmia stem and leaves aqueous extracts and 1:10 stem crude extracts. Visual observation in color change from yellowish to dusky purple and dark brownish was taken as initial formation of silver and gold nanoparticles respectively. The formation of NPs synthesis was reaffirmed by the existence of observed peaks in the optimum range of 350-450 nm (silver Nps) and 500-600 nm (gold Nps) through UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The gold and silver nanoparticles of Viola were found highly stable at the temperature range between 25°C and 50°C and that of Skimmia between 20°C and 40°C and more stable at salt stress in milli-Molar concentrations as compared to molar ones. The X-Ray diffraction showed crystalline, spherical structure, and centro symmetric and cubic nature of gold and silver nanoparticles. The results of SEM confirmed the size of AuNPs between the range of 20 nm – 50 nm and that of AgNPs in 20 nm – 80 nm range. The FT-IR studies showed that phenols and Esters were accountable for the green production of the Gold and Silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs). The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were found more active in regulating the development of bacterial and fungal strains as compared to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). More significant results were recorded for roots of Viola pilosa (90.25%) and leaves of Skimmia laureola (86.79%) against bacterial strains. Similarly, shoots extracts of Viola pilosa (95.02%) and stem extracts of Skimmia laureola (97.29%) were found more efficient in antifungal activities. The antioxidant potential of nanoparticles proved that they were active in scavenging free radicals possessing maximum antioxidant potential of 80.86% when compared to the xix control. Similarly, roots extracts of Viola pilosa were by far most potent in scavenging free radicals amongst all the other solvent extracts and showed much significant antioxidant activities of 95.87% at 250 μg/ml. The plants also presented significant level of phytotoxic (97.76%) and insecticidal activities (30%). Phytochemical study of the test plants discovered that they were abundant in Tannins, Carbohydrates, Sterols, Proteins and Lipids. Based on these results, both the tested plants are highly recommended for Green synthesis of nanoparticles as well as efficient Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antioxidant agents.