Abstract:
The main purpose of this study was to identify the causes of social exclusion
of students with hearing impairment with reference to home and school. An intensive
review of literature covered related topics such as characteristics of social exclusion,
dimensions of social exclusion, different models of social exclusion, marginalized
children in Pakistan and initiatives taken by government, and the role NGOs and
INGOs in promoting and implementing inclusive education in Pakistan. On the basis
of literature review, a model was proposed to measure social exclusion; this linear
model addressed two major sources of social exclusion (Home environment and
School environment). Two Likert scales and one questionnaire was developed, one
for students, one for teachers and one for parents of students with hearing impairment.
A panel of experts assessed the validity of the instruments. All three were then pilot
tested. A sample of students (n=560) studying in the classes 6-10 from seven
divisions of Punjab, their teachers (n=250) and parents (n=250) were selected through
convenient sampling.
The data collected from students with hearing impairment, parents and
teachers were analysized. On the basis of data analysis, major causes of social
exclusions were identified related to home and school. Researcher proposed remedies
in second part of data analysis to overcome the factors causing social exclusion in
home and school. The plan of remedies was sent to a panel of experts for its
validation. It was finalized on the basis of qualitative feed back of experts.
