Abstract:
Fairness is a complex concept and has been studied extensively in sociology and philosophy.
The perceptual difference among people with regards to fairness, justice, and trust makes
it an interesting concept to explore. The present study analyses the impact of perceived
trust in three different scenarios. In the first part, the impact of trust within the members
of a society on the performance of that country is observed. Labor force trends, per
capita income, human capital value and political institutions were analyzed as part of
the theoretical framework. In the second part, the mediating role of organizational trust
between organizational justice and organizational performance was analyzed. The third
part brings the attention to the dimensions of justice and how they influence trust among
employees. For the first part of the study, a sample of 64 countries was taken and cross
country analysis was applied. These countries were further separated into developing and
developed countries to observe the impact of trust on performance. To examine the change
in the level of trust on the performance of a country a non-linear term of trust was included
in the regression model. In the second part of the study, Structural equation modeling
(SEM) was used to analyze the direct and indirect effect of organizational justice on
organizational performance. Structured questionnaire was used as the instrument to collect
data. In the third part of the study PLS-SEM was applied to test the relationship between
the dimensions of justice and its impact on the organizational trust. The results from the
first part suggest a strong positive correlation between social trust and economic growth
of countries. This association was much stronger for developing countries than developed
countries. The findings specify that an increased level of trust beyond a certain level
within developed economies does not lead to economic and financial benefits. Whereas,
developing countries can prosper and increase performance in lieu of increased level of
social trust. Findings from the second part indicate that trust plays a significant role in
justice and organizational performance relationship. The results drawn from the third
part signify that employees in an organization give value to procedures and regulations
than the rewards during decision making or reward distributing process. Trust level
of the employees increases if they feel that rules are implemented and practiced in the
organization. This puts pressure on the organizations to increase transparency in the
procedures. This study will have implications for the managers of multinationals as well
as local companies in a country, to strategize the decisions related to trust.