Durand Agreement: Implications for Pak-Afghan Relations.

Abstract

This research focuses on the Durand Line dispute between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The study has been analysed through qualitative research and historiography with prime emphasis on exploring and consulting documents. A case study approach has been adopted. This study is aimed at unearthing hidden aspects of Durand Agreement and demarcation of this border. The research finds six main aspects. First, Durand Agreement has not expired rather it is a perpetual treaty with no time limit. Second, the whole border right from Chitral to the Iranian border has been demarcated, excep a small portion in Mohmand and Kurram Agencies. Third, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and FATA have not been snatched from Afghanistan or merged with British India under Durand Treaty. Fourth, Afghanistan had gained maximum benefits from the accord. It has obtained Asmar, Shurton, Lalpura and Birmal areas. Fifth, the border has been pushed for about seventy miles towards Bajour and Dir as the result of the Nashagam treaty signed on April 9, 1895. Kabul also occupied Basghal valley in 1895 and been renamed it as Nooristan in violation of Durand Treaty. Sixth, the move for delimitation and demarcation of the Indo- Afghan border has been initiated by Afghanistan and not by the British. Seventh, under international law, a treaty establishing a boundary can’t be cancelled unilaterally.