Abstract:
Teacher and teacher education has an important role in any education system,
both developed and developing countries. No doubt, the welfare, prosperity and security
of a nation depend upon the quality of its education. In the present era the nations are
competing in the field of knowledge only. The quality and level of excellence in
education depend upon the quality and competence of teachers. If the teachers are
knowledgeable, competent and committed, they can deliver well. A successful teacher is
emotionally matured, user of different teaching techniques, facilitator for the students and
an instrument of character building.
In 1990, the Asian Development Bank approved a Project Preparatory Technical
Assistance to prepare a detailed proposal for a Teacher Training project in Pakistan. It
aimed at upgrading the quality of teacher training, increasing the number of trained
female teachers in the rural areas, strengthening the relevance of training curriculum,
methodology and materials, and promoting efficiency and effectiveness in policy making,
management and resource generation of the teacher education sub sector.
This study was aimed to investigate the Impact of Teacher Training Project on the
Quality of Teacher Education in Pakistan.
The main objectives of the study were: 1) To assess the extent to which Teacher
Training Project (TTP) objectives have been achieved, 2) To examine the impact of
capacity expansion on the quantitative improvement of teacher education, 3) To
investigate the impact of Teacher Training Project (TTP) on the qualitative improvement
of human resource development in teacher education through In-Country Fellowship
Programme, 4) To explore the outcomes of up gradation of management techniques
under the Teacher Training Project, 5) To find out the effectiveness of Training Out-posts
xvii(TOs) and their input in the improvement of training of teachers, and 6) To suggest
measures for the improvement of Teacher Education in Pakistan.
The population of the study consisted of all the heads of Provincial Institute of
Teacher Education, Govt. Colleges of Education and, the Govt. Colleges of Elementary
Education, all teacher educators of Govt. Colleges of Education and, the Govt. Colleges
of Elementary Education, all the heads/ masters trainers and trainee teachers of Training
Outposts,(4 PITEs, 16 GCEs, 90 GCETs and 66 TOs),all the experts/ consultants and
officers of Teacher Training Project (TTP) and all the officers of the Technical Panel on
Teacher Education (TPTE).
A stratified random sampling technique was used for this study. The sample of the
study was: a) 34 heads of PITEs, GCEs and GCETs, b) 145 teacher educators (ICF
Training receivers), c) 150 teacher educators (ICF non-training receivers), d) 30
educational managers (Training receivers through Overseas Fellowship), e) 20 heads/
master trainers of Training Outposts (TOs), f) 100 trainee teachers (Training receivers
through TOs) = 100 (from one TO i.e Ckakwal), g) 30 experts/consultants and officers of
Teacher Training Project and TPTE.
After reviewing the related literature and all the official documents of Teacher
Training Project, the research instruments for heads, teacher educators (ICF training
receivers and non-training receivers), educational managers (Overseas Fellowship),
heads/master trainers and trainee teachers of TOs were designed and used for data
collection. Interview Schedule for the experts/consultants and officers of TTP and TPTE
was also developed.
xviiiThe instruments were developed keeping in view the various aspects of teacher
education like office equipment, electronic media, furniture, teacher training, curriculum,
management, competency/attitude of teachers, teaching methods and instructional
material.
Data were collected through personal visits, with the help of research assistant
and by mail from the different institutions.
Data were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted keeping in view the objectives of
the study. For this purpose, Percentages, Mean, Chi Square and t Test were used.
The conclusions of the study were: a) Office equipment and furniture were
sufficiently provided and maximum utilized, b) Electronic media was insufficiently
provided, but it played a vital role in strengthening the teacher training in all the four
provinces, c) Construction of four PITEs, one/ two rooms in GCEs, GCETs and TOs,
enhanced the enrolment and facilitated the prospective teachers. The teacher educators –
training receivers were practicing project method and simulation method more than the
non-training receivers and were consulting reference books / latest books. Teacher
educators’ non-training receivers were adopting question answer and lecture method
during their teaching and were following the textbooks for teaching.
The teacher educators who had received training, had more skills to use A.V. aids
and modern technology during teaching as compared to the non training receivers. Set
induction, classroom management and personal skills were developed in the trainee
teachers of TOs. The objectives and the scheme of studies for Diploma in Education were
well formulated. Textbooks for Diploma in Education were poorly developed and the
contents were to some extent relevant and adequate. Diploma in Education was not a
xixsuccessful programme. Educational managers/teachers were well trained through
Overseas Fellowship training but after training they did not monitor the broad aims/ goals
and teaching learning process in their institutions. The courses such as home food
processing, family planning, environment and adult literacy were not taught during the
training in Training Outposts.
The Provincial Institute of Teacher Education and
Training Outposts were not functioning according to the objectives formulated in Teacher
Training Project and after completion of project Training Outposts were closed. The
coordination was weak among the Federal Coordination Unit, Provincial Implementation
Units and Technical Panel on Teacher Education. Professional attitude was developed in
teacher
educators
and
management
techniques
were
improved
through
In-
Country/Overseas Fellowship.
The recommendations of the study were: Electronic media may be provided in
sufficient quantity and short term training courses may be arranged for imparting training
to faculty in utilizing office equipment and electronic media. More rooms may be
constructed in existing GCEs and GCETs to facilitate the prospective teachers. The
teacher educators – training receivers and non training receivers may adopt project
method, micro teaching and simulation method during teaching.
The non-training receivers may be trained to use the modern techniques like multi
media, overhead projector etc. The Overseas Fellowship trainees may monitor all the
tasks and activities of their institutions. They may also provide the rigorous managerial
training to other managers. FCU, PIUs and TPTE may be revamped and strong
coordination through electronic media may be established among them for an objective
output. PITEs and TOs may be reactivated and in-service and pre-service training may be
offered to teachers at all levels.